Definition of Dermatitis
Dermatitis is defined as any inflammation of the skin. It can manifest in a number of ways and is one of the most frustrating conditions for owners of companion dogs. In many cases, the cause of dermatitis is never discovered, while in other cases, prolonged diagnostic work will help identify the causative agent. If left untreated, dermatitis can progress to secondary bacterial skin infections, or worse.
Causes of Dermatitis in Dogs
The causes of canine dermatitis are elusive and can vary widely. Anything that initiates an itch-scratch-itch cycle can cause dermatitis. Known causes include contact with irritating animal, vegetable or chemical substances, exposure to extreme heat, cold or humidity, mechanical irritation, self-trauma, malnutrition, immune-mediated conditions and infectious disease (bacterial, fungal or viral). Allergic reactions to external parasites (fleas, ticks, mites, lice, mosquitoes), and to certain types of foods, grasses, detergents, plants or other environmental allergens, are among the leading causes of dermatitis in dogs. Dermatitis can accompany systemic disease, and genetic factors can also be involved. Sometimes, the underlying cause will never be discovered. In those cases, prescription medications and shampoos may be helpful to reduce the severity of the clinical signs.
Prevention of Dermatitis in Dogs
Canine dermatitis may be preventable depending upon the underlying cause of the condition. For allergic reactions to external parasites, many topical preventatives are available. All companion dogs should be fed a high-quality, well-balanced diet, which can help avoid adverse reactions to poor food ingredients. Medicated shampoos that contain naturally soothing ingredients can also help to prevent itchiness and moisturize skin.
Special Notes
Successful treatment of canine dermatitis involves tracking down the source of the skin irritation through a physical examination, blood tests, a thorough history and possibly skin patch tests. If and when the source of the causative agent is identified, it should be eliminated from the dog’s environment. The prognosis for dermatitis in dogs is good, as long as the cause can be addressed.